If a sex toy is shared, cover it with a condom. A water-based lubricant helps prevent condoms breaking.
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HIV can enter the bloodstream via the anus and rectum, penis, mouth, eyes and breaks in the skin (such as cuts or open sores).
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Nevertheless, gay relationships do not have a well-recognised and well-established moral code in the way that heterosexual relationships and marriages do. Gay men have a reputation for sexual promiscuity, but in fact many are in long-term, faithful relationships with one partner. Another reason for the relative lack of focus on the gay community may be the widespread denial that homosexuality exists within the black South African community.Ĭertain behaviours put gay men at risk of contracting HIV. (The priority target group for HIV prevention in South Africa is the youth.) Gay activists have criticised the fact that attention has been paid to other high-risk groups, such as sex workers and migrant labourers. With the largest heterosexual epidemic in the world, resources in South Africa have generally not been directed towards the relatively small group of homosexual men. Some gay men become infected through sharing drug needles. HIV infection among gay men occurs mainly through unprotected anal sex and, to a lesser extent, through unprotected oral sex. (Accurate infection rates among gay South Africans are not known.) However, in the developed world HIV infection rates are much higher among homosexual than heterosexual men, and this is likely to also apply to South Africa. Worldwide the majority of people with HIV/Aids are heterosexual. Despite increasing acceptance, some gay people are still doubly rejected by their families – because of both their sexual orientation and their HIV-positive status. HIV-positive gay people may lack the conventional support structures available to heterosexuals, such as the family unit. Gay organisations play a vital role in allowing gay people, and especially HIV-positive gay people, to feel that they have a support structure and are not living in isolation. Gay activists responded rapidly to the challenge posed by the epidemic in the 1980s, and their promotion of Aids awareness and safer sex practices helped to slow infection rates in the gay community. As numbers of heterosexual people infected with HIV continue to rise, this misconception is fading, although discrimination against gay men on the grounds that they are associated with HIV/Aids, persists. HIV was first recognised in the male gay community over 20 years ago, which initially lead many people to think of it mistakenly as a “gay disease”.
Some bisexual people may not consider themselves part of the gay community. Many men who have sex with other men, such as prisoners and male sex workers, may not define themselves as gay or bisexual.
For example, some people consider themselves to be primarily homosexual, but have had previous heterosexual experiences.
The reality is that most people, in terms of sexual orientation, are somewhere along a continuum between being strictly heterosexual or homosexual. Some people are bisexual - attracted to members of both sexes. Not everyone can be neatly labelled “gay” or “straight” (heterosexual).